All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

Methodology: Dependency Counts.

For dependency counts we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly, for example how many prod, dev and overall deps does `Nuxt` have. Then we look at dependencies again for the starter projects. While we think looking at projects dependencies is more realistic like the `starter-*` projects as meta-frameworks rarely just run with meta-framework package it is also important to look at direct dependencies. This is the only tests in Dev Time Stats where we do this every other Dev Time Test is based on the Start Projects

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	18	3	15	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies chart

Metaframework Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SolidStart	18
SvelteKit	25
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies chart

Metaframework Development Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	3
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies chart

Metaframework Production Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	15
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	node_modules (prod)	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.85MB	144.67MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	3.36MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	436.00MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.81MB	208.79MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	17.27MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	0 / 5	582	77	156.30MB	156.24MB	133.30MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	119	1	60.05MB	0.02MB	63.60MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	201.87MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies chart

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	0
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies chart

Starter Project Production Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
SolidStart	5
React Router	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies chart

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data

Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SvelteKit	1
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
Nuxt	63
SolidStart	77

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size chart

Node modules size data

Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	60.05 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	156.30 MB
Astro	207.85 MB
Nuxt	208.81 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node modules size (prod only)

Node modules size (prod only) chart

Node modules size (prod only) data

Framework	Megabytes
SvelteKit	0.02 MB
Mastro	3.36 MB
React Router	17.27 MB
Astro	144.67 MB
SolidStart	156.24 MB
TanStack Start	201.87 MB
Nuxt	208.79 MB
Next.js	436.00 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.51s	1.45s	1.58s	0.97s	0.89s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.53s	0.50s	0.60s	0.38s	0.38s	0.01MB
Next.js	2.82s	2.76s	2.88s	5.38s	5.24s	6.05MB
Nuxt	2.92s	2.76s	3.20s	3.87s	3.84s	2.46MB
React Router	1.13s	1.10s	1.15s	1.81s	1.67s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.77s	1.67s	1.83s	5.39s	5.30s	0.84MB
SvelteKit	1.22s	1.19s	1.25s	2.44s	2.33s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.85s	1.80s	1.95s	5.22s	5.09s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time chart

Avg install time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.53s
React Router	1.13s
SvelteKit	1.22s
Astro	1.51s
SolidStart	1.77s
TanStack Start	1.85s
Next.js	2.82s
Nuxt	2.92s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time chart

Cold build time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.38s
Astro	0.97s
React Router	1.81s
SvelteKit	2.44s
Nuxt	3.87s
TanStack Start	5.22s
Next.js	5.38s
SolidStart	5.39s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time chart

Warm build time data

Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.38s
Astro	0.89s
React Router	1.67s
SvelteKit	2.33s
Nuxt	3.84s
TanStack Start	5.09s
Next.js	5.24s
SolidStart	5.30s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size chart

Build output size data

Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.84 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	29
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP	INP
Astro	185.4ms	185.23ms	0ms
Next.js	342.8ms	342.94ms	0ms
Nuxt	225.8ms	225.82ms	0ms
React Router	172.6ms	172.41ms	0ms
SolidStart	195.2ms	195.12ms	0ms
SvelteKit	168.6ms	168.59ms	0ms
TanStack Start	229.2ms	229.08ms	0ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart

First Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	168.60 ms
React Router	172.60 ms
Astro	185.40 ms
SolidStart	195.20 ms
Nuxt	225.80 ms
TanStack Start	229.20 ms
Next.js	342.80 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart

First Contentful Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
SvelteKit	168.59 ms
React Router	172.41 ms
Astro	185.23 ms
SolidStart	195.12 ms
Nuxt	225.82 ms
TanStack Start	229.08 ms
Next.js	342.94 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction to Next Paint (ms)

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) chart

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	0.00 ms
Next.js	0.00 ms
Nuxt	0.00 ms
React Router	0.00 ms
SolidStart	0.00 ms
SvelteKit	0.00 ms
TanStack Start	0.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP	INP
Astro	117ms	116.99ms	0ms
Mastro	145.6ms	145.62ms	0ms
Next.js	178ms	178.12ms	0ms
Nuxt	162.2ms	162.25ms	0ms
React Router	163ms	162.98ms	0ms
SolidStart	145.6ms	145.72ms	0ms
SvelteKit	139.8ms	139.75ms	0ms
TanStack Start	177ms	177.04ms	0ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) chart

First Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	117.00 ms
SvelteKit	139.80 ms
Mastro	145.60 ms
SolidStart	145.60 ms
Nuxt	162.20 ms
React Router	163.00 ms
TanStack Start	177.00 ms
Next.js	178.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) chart

First Contentful Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	116.99 ms
SvelteKit	139.75 ms
Mastro	145.62 ms
SolidStart	145.72 ms
Nuxt	162.25 ms
React Router	162.98 ms
TanStack Start	177.04 ms
Next.js	178.12 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Interaction to Next Paint (ms)

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) chart

Interaction to Next Paint (ms) data

Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	0.00 ms
Mastro	0.00 ms
Next.js	0.00 ms
Nuxt	0.00 ms
React Router	0.00 ms
SolidStart	0.00 ms
SvelteKit	0.00 ms
TanStack Start	0.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	851	1.201ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	671	1.425ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	343	2.882ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	232	4.484ms	199.52kb	2x
Nuxt	351	2.755ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	343	2.891ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	408	2.449ms	230.24kb	2x
SvelteKit	460	2.106ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	319	3.091ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec chart

Ops/sec data

Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	851
Astro	671
SvelteKit	460
SolidStart	408
Nuxt	351
Mastro	343
React Router	343
TanStack Start	319
Next.js	232

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size chart

Body Size data

Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.52 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	230.24 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency chart

Median Latency data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.11 ms
SolidStart	2.45 ms
Nuxt	2.75 ms
Mastro	2.88 ms
React Router	2.89 ms
TanStack Start	3.09 ms
Next.js	4.48 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,594.4	100	21ms	44ms	109ms	47,097
Astro	1,176	100	36ms	67ms	331ms	35,445
Mastro	577.6	25	47ms	169ms	1447ms	18,080
Next.js	37	5	2120ms	4793ms	4766ms	1,041
Nuxt	67.6	5	2002ms	4191ms	4416ms	2,142
React Router	163	25	356ms	1942ms	4002ms	5,423
SolidStart	62	5	3317ms	4176ms	4097ms	2,010
SvelteKit	473.8	25	88ms	344ms	2614ms	15,278
TanStack Start	43.6	5	3847ms	3890ms	4335ms	1,340

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	21.00 ms
Astro	36.00 ms
Mastro	47.00 ms
SvelteKit	88.00 ms
React Router	356.00 ms
Nuxt	2002.00 ms
Next.js	2120.00 ms
SolidStart	3317.00 ms
TanStack Start	3847.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	44.00 ms
Astro	67.00 ms
Mastro	169.00 ms
SvelteKit	344.00 ms
React Router	1942.00 ms
TanStack Start	3890.00 ms
SolidStart	4176.00 ms
Nuxt	4191.00 ms
Next.js	4793.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections chart

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	109.00 ms
Astro	331.00 ms
Mastro	1447.00 ms
SvelteKit	2614.00 ms
React Router	4002.00 ms
SolidStart	4097.00 ms
TanStack Start	4335.00 ms
Nuxt	4416.00 ms
Next.js	4766.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
Mastro	44.00 ms
SvelteKit	63.00 ms
React Router	156.00 ms
Nuxt	371.00 ms
SolidStart	531.00 ms
TanStack Start	739.00 ms
Next.js	770.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	43.00 ms
Mastro	90.00 ms
SvelteKit	135.00 ms
React Router	327.00 ms
Nuxt	489.00 ms
SolidStart	591.00 ms
TanStack Start	914.00 ms
Next.js	2542.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections chart

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data

Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	77.00 ms
Astro	87.00 ms
Mastro	194.00 ms
SvelteKit	236.00 ms
React Router	391.00 ms
SolidStart	601.00 ms
Nuxt	741.00 ms
TanStack Start	1317.00 ms
Next.js	2986.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart

Good Largest Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data

Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart

Good First Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	78
Next.js	76
Nuxt.js	67
React Router	66

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart

Good Time To First Byte data

Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart

Good Interaction to Next Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint chart

Good Largest Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift chart

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data

Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good First Contentful Paint chart

Good First Contentful Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	71
SvelteKit	60
Next.js	50
Nuxt.js	43
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte chart

Good Time To First Byte data

Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint chart

Good Interaction to Next Paint data

Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.